Agarwood Cultivation Process

Complete Agarwood Farming Process

Agarwood (Aquilaria species) cultivation is a long-term and scientifically managed plantation model. With proper techniques, farmers can produce high-quality resin-rich wood used in perfumes, incense, essential oils, and export markets.

Below is the complete step-by-step agarwood cultivation process followed in India.

1️⃣ Land Selection & Soil Requirements

• Well-drained loamy or sandy soil
• pH between 5.5 – 7.5
• Warm and humid climate
• Moderate rainfall (1500–3000 mm annually)

Suitable states include Assam, West Bengal, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Tamil Nadu.

2️⃣ Selection of Quality Agarwood Saplings

High-quality, disease-free saplings are critical for long-term success. Nursery-grown plants with strong root systems ensure better survival rate and growth.

• Average 400–600 plants per acre
• Spacing: 6x6 ft or 8x8 ft
• Planting best during monsoon season

3️⃣ Irrigation & Early Maintenance

• Regular watering during first 1–2 years
• Drip irrigation recommended
• Avoid waterlogging
• Weed control during early growth stage

After establishment, agarwood trees require minimal irrigation.

4️⃣ Fertilization & Plantation Care

• Organic manure or vermicompost preferred
• Minimal chemical fertilizer use
• Periodic pruning for healthy growth
• Protection from pests and grazing animals

5️⃣ Resin Induction Process

Agarwood resin forms when the tree undergoes natural stress or controlled inoculation. Commercial plantations use scientific resin induction methods after 5–7 years of tree growth.

• Fungal inoculation techniques
• Natural stress methods
• Scientific induction for better yield

This process stimulates resin formation inside the heartwood, creating valuable Oud.

6️⃣ Harvesting & Processing

Trees are generally harvested between 7–12 years depending on resin formation.

• Resin-rich wood extraction
• Oil distillation process
• Grading based on resin quality

Indian agarwood is in high demand in Middle Eastern and international markets.

⏳ Typical Cultivation Timeline

• 0–3 Years: Tree establishment
• 3–5 Years: Maturity growth stage
• 5–7 Years: Resin induction stage
• 7–12 Years: Commercial harvesting